Sáng kiến kinh nghiệm Dạng bài tập “Từ đồng nghĩa và trái nghĩa” dành cho học sinh lớp 11 - Chương trình thí điểm

 SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO VĨNH PHÚC
 TRƯỜNG THPT XUÂN HÒA
 BÁO CÁO KẾT QUẢ
 NGHIÊN CỨU, ỨNG DỤNG SÁNG KIẾN
CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỪ ĐỒNG NGHĨA VÀ TRÁI NGHĨA
 TIẾNG ANH 11 – CHƯƠNG TRÌNH THÍ ĐIỂM
 Tác giả sáng kiến : TRẦN THỊ HOA
 Mã sáng kiến : 37. 61. 01
 Vĩnh Phúc: 01/2020
 1 NỘI DUNG SÁNG KIẾN
I. HƯỚNG DẪN CÁCH LÀM DẠNG BÀI TẬP “ TÌM TỪ ĐỒNG NGHĨA 
VÀ TRÁI NGHĨA”
1. NHẬN DẠNG
 Dạng bài tập này thường gặp trong các đề thi dưới dạng câu hỏi sau;
 - Tìm từ đồng nghĩa: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) 
CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
 - Tìm từ trái nghĩa: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) 
OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following 
questions.
 Dạng bài tập này cũng nằm trong câu hỏi bài đọc hiểu thường chiếm từ một 
đến ba câu. 
2. THAO TÁC LÀM BÀI
 BƯỚC 1. ĐỌC KỸ CÂU HỎI
 Bước đầu tiên quan trọng nhất là đọc câu hỏi trong đề.
 • Đọc đề để biết đề yêu cầu ĐỒNG NGHĨA (Synonym/ closet meaning) 
hay TRÁI NGHĨA(Antonym/ opposite)
 • Sẽ thật tiếc nếu học sinh dịch được đề và biết nghĩa các đáp án nhưng lại 
chọn nhầm đáp án Đồng nghĩa trong khi đề yêu cầu Trái nghĩa và ngược lại.
 Đọc kỹ câu hỏi để đoán nghĩa từ gạch chân
 • Bởi một từ tiếng Anh thường có nhiều hơn một nét nghĩa, nên việc đọc đề 
giúp chúng ta xác định trong câu đó từ đó mang nét nghĩa gì.
 • Điều này rất quan trọng, bởi từ đồng nghĩa cần tìm là từ có thể thay thế Từ 
in đậm trong ngữ cảnh câu đó, chứ không thuần tuy là đồng nghĩa với từ đó. Vì 
vậy đôi khi sử dụng từ điển mà không dựa vào ngữ cảnh của câu hoặc bài đọc lại 
khiến học sinh thất bại trong dạng bài tập này.
 BƯỚC 2: SUY ĐOÁN VÀ LOẠI TRỪ
 Thường thì sẽ có 2 trường hợp xảy ra:
 • Thứ nhất, từ in đậm quen thuộc và dễ đoán nghĩa, nhưng đáp án lại có nhiều 
hơn 2 từ lạ.
 • Thứ hai, từ in đậm lạ, chưa gặp bao giờ; tuy nhiên, đáp án lại có những từ 
thông dụng.
 3 - Đặt từ “expelling” vào ngữ cảnh các em sẽ xác định được nghĩa của từ này 
có thể là “ xuất ra, tống ra, thải ra”.
 - Học sinh cũng xác định A, B, C là các từ đồng nghĩa với nhau
 - Suy luận logic D là từ cần chọn
II. CÁCH HỌC TỪ VỰNG TIẾNG ANH HIỆU QUẢ
 Để làm dạng bài tập chọn từ đồng nghĩa và trái nghĩa học sinh có thể dùng một 
số “mẹo” nhỏ đã đề cập ở trên. Tuy nhiên, cách an toàn và chắc chắn nhất vẫn là biết 
càng nhiều từ càng tốt. Vì thế giáo viên luôn nhấn mạnh, nhắc nhở học sinh sự quan 
trọng của việc học từ mới để làm giàu vốn từ vựng. Sau đây là một đôi dòng chia sẻ 
về cách học từ mới Tiếng Anh dễ áp dụng dành cho học sinh.
1. HỌC THEO NÉT ĐỒNG NGHĨA CHUNG VÀ ĐỒNG NGHĨA
 Trong khi các Thành ngữ (Idioms), Từ vựng (Vocabulary), Cụm động từ 
(Prasal Verbs) là một mảng khá rộng và khó nhớ, việc học từ sẽ dễ dàng hơn chút 
nếu chúng ta học chúng theo nét nghĩa chung và các đồng nghĩa của chúng.
 Tuy nhiên, hãy tập trung học các nét nghĩa thông dụng, hay xuât hiện trong đề 
thi.
 Ví dụ:
 5 by design
 on purpose
 purposedly
 intentionally
 deliberately
 by chance
 by mistake
 by coincidence
 accidentally
 coincidentally
Unintentionally
 in error
 7 5. Duolingo
 6. Rosetta Stone
 Đây là những ứng dụng khá chất lượng và tiện dụng.
III. BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH
 Unit 1. GENERATION GAP
 Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in 
meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 
1. Despite being a kid, Tuan always helps his mother do the chores every day. 
 A. homework B. works C. housework D. house duties 
2. When I was a child, my mother used to teach me table manners. 
 A. etiquette B. rule C. problem D. norm 
3. Many parents find it hard to understand their children when they are teenagers. 
 A. adults B. elders C. adolescents D. kids 
4. There're many problems which are unavoidable when living in an extended 
family.
 A. profits B. issues C. views D. merits 
5. Mary has a strong desire to make independent decisions.
 A. dependent B. self-confident C. self-confessed D. self-determining 
6. My mother mistakenly believes that my fashion style breaks the norm of society. 
 A. routine B. barrier C. rule D. conflict 
7. I always look at this matter from a different viewpoint.
 A. point of view B. view from point C. idea D. opinion 
8. We find it unattractive when dress flashily.
 A. luxuriantly B. ostentatiously C. cheaply D. fashionably 
9. Consuming too much junk food increases the risk of obesity. 
 A. decrease B. reduce C. rise D. raise 
10. I feel extremely depressed as conflict occurs frequently amongst generations in 
my family. 
 9 Exercise 3. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to 
indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. 
 Stella McCartney was born in 1972, the daughter of pop star Sir Paul 
McCartney. She is the youngest of three sisters. One sister is a potter and the other 
sister does the same job as their mother used to do - she works as a photographer. 
Stella's brother, James, is a musician. Stella first hit the newspaper headlines in 
1995 when she graduated in fashion design from art college. At her final show, her 
clothes were modeled by her friends, Naomi Campbell and Kate Moss, both well-
known models. Unsurprisingly, the student show became front-page news around 
the world. Stella hadn't been in the news before as a fashion designer but she had 
spent time working in the fashion world since she was fifteen. In March 1997, 
Stella went to work for the fashion house Chloe. People said the famous fashion 
house had given her the job because of her surname and her famous parents but 
Stella soon showed how good she was. She designs clothes which she would like 
to wear herself, although she's not a model, and many famous models and actors 
choose to wear them. In 2001 Stella started her own fashion house and has since 
opened stores around the world and won many prizes. A lifelong vegetarian, 
McCartney does not use any leather or fur in her design. Instead, she uses silk, 
wool and other animal-derived fabrics.
1. Which of the following is NOT true about Stella's family?
 A. She has three sisters. B. One of her sisters is a photographer. 
 C. She is the youngest. D. Her father is a famous singer. 
2. Stella, Naomi Campbell and Kate Moss ____.
 A. met for the first time at her fashion show B. are very famous 
 fashion models 
 C. had been friends before 1995 D. all performed at the 
 final show in 1995 
3. Which of the following is TRUE about the show?
 A. Everyone was surprised when Stella's show was successful. 
 B. The models performed clothes designed by Stella. 
 11 breakdown causes serious problems for both adults and kids. Yet when parents 
minimize conflict, family bonds can be maintained. And many families are doing 
this. More non-custodial parents are staying in touch with their children. Child-
support receipts are rising. A lower proportion of children from divorced families 
are exhibiting problems than in earlier decades. And stepfamilies are learning to 
maximize children's access to supportive adults rather than cutting them off from 
one side of the family.
1. Which of the following can be the most suitable heading for paragraph 1?
 A. Men's involvement at home 
 B. Benefits of men's involvement at home 
 C. Drawbacks of men's involvement at home 
 D. Children studying math and science 
2. Nowadays, ____ of men help take care of children. 
 A. 50% B. 41% C. 25% D. 20% 
3. According to the writer, old people in the USA ____.
 A. are experiencing a shorter life expectancy 
 B. receive less care from their children than they used to 
 C. have better relationships with their children and grandchildren
 D. may live in worst living conditions 
4. Which of the following is NOT true about divorce rates in the USA?
 A. They will still be high. 
 B. They can cause problems for both parents and children. 
 C. More problems are caused by children from divorced families.
 D. Children are encouraged to meet their separate parents. 
5. The word "equivalent” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ____.
 A. comparable B. opposed C. dissimilar D . constrasting 
6. The word "manageable” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ____.
 A. difficult B. challenging C. demanding D. easy 
7. The word “this” in the paragraph 3 refers to ____.
 A. getting divorced B. minimizing conflict
 13 5. I am now reconciled with two of my estranged siblings - not just my older 
brother, but my sister, whom I hadn't spoken to for 17 years.
 A. contactable B. harmonised C. opposed D. truthful 
6. When couples encounter problems or issues, they may wonder when it is 
appropriate to visit a marriage counsellor. 
 A. advisor B. director C. professor D. trainer
7. He doesn't completely trust online partners, as they usually hide their real 
identity.
 A. argument B. decision C. opinion D. personality 
8. Sometimes, in order to get things done, you have to take the initiative. 
 A. make the last decision B. make important changes 
 C. raise the first idea D. sacrifice for others 
9. From the moment they met, he was completely attracted by her. 
 A. accepted B. fascinated C. influenced D. rejected 
10. She was so happy when he got down on bended knee and popped the question. 
 A. asked her out B. asked her to be on a date 
 C. asked her to give him some money D. asked her to marry him 
11. Gary didn't always see eye to eye with his father, and this is where the honesty 
shows through.
 A. agree with B. be truthful with C. look up to D. take after 
12. Some parents strongly oppose their children's romantic relationship. 
 A. assist B. forbid C. ignore D. preserve 
Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in 
meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 
1. I was really depressed about his winning the election, like a lot of people.
 A. fed up B. pessimistic C. satisfied D. unhappy 
2. Miss Walker was a mature lady when she married. 
 A. annoyed B. childish C. energetic D. sensitive 
3. Students are advised to tune out distractions and focus on study. 
 15 For decades, prophets have preached that youth who are in no position to 
marry should not pair off exclusively. For instance, President Hinckley (1910-
2008) said, "When you are young, do not get involved in steady dating. When you 
reach an age where you think of marriage, then is the time to become so involved. 
But you boys who are in high school don't need this, and neither do the girls”. So 
what does this counsel really mean, and what are the reasons for it?
 To begin with, there are two different types of dating: casual dating and 
steady (or serious) dating. The distinction between the two has to do with 
exclusivity. With casual dating, there is no exclusivity. The two people aren't “a 
couple” or “an item”, and they don't refer to each other as a “boyfriend” or 
“girlfriend”. They don't pair off. People who are casually dating are simply friends. 
This is the kind of dating the Church encourages you to do after you turn 16. You 
should put aside a need to find a “one and only”. If you're dating casually, you 
don't expect a relationship to become a romance. You have fun; you do a variety of 
things with a variety of people. On the other hand, steady dating means the couple 
is exclusive with one another. They expect each other not to date anyone else or to 
be emotionally or physically close with other people. Couples who date seriously 
consider the future, because there is a real possibility they could stay together. This 
is the kind of dating the Church encourages young adults (generally, people in their 
20s) to progress toward, because that's the age when they should be thinking of 
marrying. 
 You should avoid becoming exclusive as teenagers, because an exclusive 
relationship requires a high level of commitment from both partners, and you're not 
in a position to make that kind of commitment as teens – neither emotionally, 
physically, nor in terms of your future plans. As President Boyd K. Packer, 
President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, has said to youth, “Avoid steady 
dating. Steady dating is courtship, and surely the beginning of courtship ought to 
be delayed until you have emerged from your teens”.
1. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that ____.
 A. dating doesn't mean having exclusive boyfriend or girlfriend 
 17